Instructions-
View the PowerPoint slideshow, as well as the videos below to learn about Translation. When you are finished, go to the Culminating Project page for a description of your next assignment. Important vocabulary terms are highlighted in orange text.
DNA Structure..............Transcription.............Translation
The mRNA is moved from inside the nucleus out to the cytoplasm. There, it will seek out a free ribosome to begin the process of translation, turning the transcribed DNA message into a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain is a result of mRNA, a ribosome, and tRNA all working together. The mRNA will be read in groups of three bases, called codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, or serves as a stop codon. Each polypeptide sequence starts with the mRNA codon of AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine. Anti-codons are found on the tRNA molecules that are responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. The tRNA with the anti-codon UAC brings methionine to the ribosome to start protein synthesis. The next codon on the mRNA strand determines the next anti-codon and ultimately the next amino acid to be added.
The polypeptide chain can be made of just a few amino acids, or hundreds of them. After the last amino acid has been added, the polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome. The assembled polypeptide chain is typically now considered a protein, but usually makes its way to the endoplasmic reticulum for further modifications to its structure.
The polypeptide chain can be made of just a few amino acids, or hundreds of them. After the last amino acid has been added, the polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome. The assembled polypeptide chain is typically now considered a protein, but usually makes its way to the endoplasmic reticulum for further modifications to its structure.
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